How Many Cases Does the Supreme Court Pick to Review Each Year?
In the United States, democracy relies on maintaining a residual of power between 3 key branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch, which is where the Supreme Court (SCOTUS) resides. Deemed experienced legal experts, the Chief Justice and eight Acquaintance Justices who sit on the court have the final say when information technology comes to interpreting American laws and the Constitution.
Every bit such, the Supreme Court obviously plays a powerful role in confirming or denying legal rights and practices in the U.S., and, at times, the Court's decisions have completely altered the fabric of life in America and the course of the nation. For example, the Court ruled on landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Pedagogy, which outlawed racial segregation in public schools, and Roe five. Wade, which legalized abortion. More recently, the Court's ruling on Bostock 5. Clayton County ensured that under Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, LGBTQ+ workers are protected from workplace discrimination. Needless to say, the Court's rulings are as of import as e'er.
Of course, like whatsoever part of a branch of government in the U.South., the Supreme Court is subject to checks and balances; presidents have the power to appoint new justices when seats on the Court open up, and the Senate has the power to confirm or reject those appointments. Regardless, the justices who are selected serve for a lifetime — or until they step downward — which means they wield significant power in our democracy. With this in listen, we're taking a look at the current lineup of Supreme Courtroom justices — and how their histories with interpreting the police force might shape our country in the coming years.
John Thousand. Roberts Jr., Chief Justice | September 29, 2005
President George Westward. Bush appointed John Glover Roberts Jr. to the Supreme Court in 2005, making him the Court'south 17th Primary Justice. Born in Buffalo, New York, Principal Justice Roberts earned both his available's and law degree from Harvard University. In the lead up to his SCOTUS appointment, the Harvard grad held many respected legal roles, including Acquaintance Counsel to President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1986; Chief Deputy Solicitor General for the U.S. Department of Justice from 1989 to 1993; and Appellate Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Excursion in 2003.
In terms of his general political philosophy, Chief Justice Roberts leans toward more conservative points of view. At the same fourth dimension, he strongly believes the Court merely interprets laws that already exist and that they aren't in the business concern of making laws. This belief has led him to oppose the wishes of the Republican party on several landmark cases, including Obergefell v. Hodges, which made same-sex activity marriage a constitutional correct, equally well every bit National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and King five. Burwell, which upheld the constitutionality of different aspects of the Affordable Care Act.
Clarence Thomas, Acquaintance Justice | Oct 23, 1991
In 1991, President George H.W. Bush appointed Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court every bit an Associate Justice. Born just exterior of Savannah, Georgia, the future SCOTUS justice attended the College of the Holy Cross before earning his law caste from Yale Law Schoolhouse. Afterwards graduation, Thomas served as Assistant Chaser General of Missouri from 1974 to 1977; Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1982 to 1990; and Appellate Judge on the Usa Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1990 to 1991.
For the nigh part, Thomas is known as an "originalist" — that is, he looks at constitutional issues based on the original intentions of the founding fathers, regardless of how life may have changed during the interceding years. Interestingly, Thomas doesn't often participate in oral arguments and, despite contempo Trump Administration appointments, the University of Michigan ranked him the about bourgeois justice on the Courtroom by a large margin, as per the university'south Martin-Quinn score system, a ways of measuring one's credo. Notably, Thomas authored the opinion for Kansas v. March, which upheld the constitutionality of a Kansas death sentence statute.
Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice | Baronial iii, 1994
President Bill Clinton appointed Stephen Breyer to the Supreme Court every bit an Acquaintance Justice in 1994. The San Francisco-born justice attended Stanford University and attained a available'due south in philosophy, earlier studying at Oxford University every bit a Marshall Scholar and earning an LL.B. from Harvard Law School. Early on in his career, Breyer gained some familiarity with SCOTUS by serving equally a law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg in 1964.
Before returning to the halls of the SCOTUS building, Breyer was likewise an Assistant Special Prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force in 1973; taught at Harvard Police Schoolhouse from 1967 to 1994; served for a decade as an Appellate Gauge for the The states Courtroom of Appeals for the Outset Circuit; and was appointed Principal Judge for said court from 1990 to 1994. Generally, the pragmatic justice is known for his moderate ideology. Like whatsoever skillful philosophy major, Breyer considers both the existent-world consequences and the original intention of the writers of the Constitution when formulating an stance. Memorably, Breyer wrote the unanimous court opinion for NLRB v. Noel Canning, which limits the recess appointment ability of the president.
Samuel A. Alito Jr., Associate Justice | January 31, 2006
In 2006, President George W. Bush nominated Samuel Alito Jr. as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Courtroom. Built-in in Trenton, New Jersey, Alito attended Princeton Academy, where he participated in the ROTC plan, before setting his sights on Yale Law School. Early in his career, Alito served as a police force clerk for Leonard Garth of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Excursion before becoming an Assistant U.Southward. Attorney for the District of New Jersey in 1977.
Alito rounded out his resume by working for the U.S. Department of Justice equally Banana to the Solicitor General, Deputy Assistant Chaser General and U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. Before joining the Courtroom, he was appointed Appellate Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in 1990. Although he reportedly evaluates subjects on a case-by-case basis, Alito by and large leans bourgeois, with his 2019 Martin-Quinn score ranking him the second-well-nigh conservative justice on the Court. Alito has authored numerous notable opinions, including Mitchell v. Wisconsin, which allows blood booze tests on unconscious drivers without a warrant, and Husted v. Randolph Found, which upheld Ohio's methods for maintaining voter registration records.
Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice | Baronial 8, 2009
In August 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court as the starting time Hispanic and Latinx Associate Justice and merely the third adult female. Born and raised in the Bronx, she was adamant to become an attorney after being inspired past an episode of Perry Mason. After earning her bachelor's from Princeton University, she attended Yale Police force Schoolhouse for her J.D. After school, Sotomayor started her career as an Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney's Part in 1979 and and then worked equally an associate and partner for Pavia & Harcourt from 1984 to 1992. In 1991, President George H.Westward. Bush nominated her to the U.S. Commune Court, Southern District of New York, where she served from 1992 to 1998.
Just prior to her SCOTUS appointment, Sotomayor served every bit an Appellate Judge on the United States Courtroom of Appeals for the 2d Excursion from 1998 to 2009. Based on the 2019 Martin-Quinn scores, Sotomayor is the about liberal justice on the Court: She dissented from the bulk on the very first case she heard on the Court — Citizens United 5. Federal Election Committee — establishing her every bit a bold, unwavering justice right off the bat. Since then, she has been a key member in landmark decisions like Obergefell v. Hodges.
Elena Kagan, Associate Justice | Baronial vii, 2010
A year after Justice Sotomayor's date, President Barack Obama also appointed the fourth female Associate Justice to the Supreme Court. Born in New York Metropolis, Elena Kagan earned her bachelor's degree at Princeton Academy, studied at Oxford to attain a Master of Philosophy and so attended Harvard Police Schoolhouse for her J.D. in 1986. After, Kagan began her legal career as a clerk for Judge Abner Mikva of the U.Southward. Courtroom of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 to 1987 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.Due south. Supreme Courtroom during the 1987 term.
After spending some time in private practice, she taught at the University of Chicago Law School and Harvard Law School, ultimately serving as the Dean of Harvard Law School from 2003 to 2009. Earlier appointing her to the Court, President Obama nominated her Solicitor Full general of the United States. Much similar Sotomayor, Kagan tends to lean liberal. She sided with the majority in several recent landmark cases, including Rex 5. Burwell, where she ruled in favor of supporting the Affordable Care Act, and Obergefell five. Hodges, which legalized same-sex matrimony. Kagan's support of same-sexual practice marrigae is notable in that it marked a shift from the position she expressed at her confirmation hearing.
Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice | Apr 10, 2017
The get-go Associate Justice appointed to the Supreme Court past President Donald Trump, Neil Gorsuch was sworn in on April 10, 2017. Born in Denver, Colorado, Gorsuch received a available's degree from Columbia Academy before pursuing a J.D. at Harvard Law School. Afterward, his legal career began in 1991 when he took up a constabulary clerk position under Judge David Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Excursion. In his first castor with SCOTUS, Gorsuch clerked for Supreme Court Justices Byron White and Anthony Kennedy from 1993 to 1995 before setting his sights elsewhere.
With a decade of individual practice under his belt, Gorsuch served every bit Principal Deputy Associate Attorney General at the U.Due south. Department of Justice for a year from 2005 to 2006, and, at the finish of that service, President George W. Bush appointed him to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Much like Thomas, Gorsuch is a Constitutional originalist, though many political writers have deemed him more libertarian than conservative, citing that he'due south "willing to go his ain manner." In his brusque time on the court, Gorsuch has sided with the majority on several important cases, including Hobby Lobby v. Sebelius, which involved upholding religious liberties related to the Affordable Care Act.
Brett 1000. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice | October half dozen, 2018
President Donald Trump appointed Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice in 2018. With allegations of sexual misconduct cropping in the wake of his nomination, Kavanaugh's date hearing was one of the almost contentious in SCOTUS' history. As Americans may call back from said hearings, Kavanaugh earned both his bachelor's and J.D. from Yale before serving as a law clerk for several prominent judges, including Estimate Walter Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and Justice Anthony Kennedy of the U.S. Supreme Courtroom.
Afterward on, Kavanaugh spent time as a partner in a D.C. law firm and then served every bit Associate Counsel and Senior Associate Counsel to President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2003, which led President Bush-league to appoint him to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2006. Although his time on the Court but started, Kavanaugh has already authored two timely opinions related to the tech industry, including Apple tree v. Pepper and Manhattan Community Admission Corp. 5. Halleck, which determined a public access company isn't subject to the First Subpoena. Although many experts feared a far right shift in the Court due to Kavanaugh'south appointment, his 2019 Martin-Quinn score placed him in the bourgeois range by a slim margin.
Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice | October 27, 2020
When Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away on September 18, 2020, outgoing President Donald Trump wasted no time in queuing upwards a nominee for the empty Supreme Court seat, eventually landing on Amy Coney Barrett. A lilliputian over a month afterward, Barrett became the 5th woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Much like Kavanaugh's nomination, Barrett's drew quite a bit of controversy, though most of the criticism was leveraged against the appointment timeline rather than her qualifications.
After receiving a bachelor's from Rhodes College, Barrett attended Notre Dame Law School, where she would get on to work as a law school professor for many years. Apart from her bookish path, she has clerked for Approximate Laurence Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as well every bit former SCOTUS justice Antonin Scalia, who likely helped inform Barrett's originalist stance. Additionally, Barrett served fewer than 3 years on the Seventh Circuit before her nomination to the highest court in the American judicial organisation. While Barrett joined her peers in dismissing President Trump's election challenge, some critics fear that her devout Catholicism might make landmark rulings, like Roe five. Wade and Obergefell v. Hodges, vulnerable to modify.
Source: https://www.reference.com/world-view/get-to-know-nine-supreme-court-justices?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740005%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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